Black Scholars Who Influenced Sociology

The Modernist Movement Of Literature - 2005 Words

The modernist movement in Literature came about in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as authors began to consciously break from traditional writing styles and experiment with new methods of storytelling. These authors drew their inspiration from the real world and their own experiences. Every aspect of the world has its own influence from historical events to developments in psychological theory. The authors of the modernist era, such as William Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, T.S. Elliot, and James Joyce, experimented heavily with established laws of language and structure by modifying the narration of the story and breaking the plot into pieces for the reader to put together. In a way, the authors were rebelling against the old views of how stories were supposed to be told. Some of the most complicated pieces of fiction and poetry came out of the modernist era. The most prominent characteristics of the modernist movement in literature were the results of a culmination of the types of thought and ideas that defined the early twentieth century in the United States and Europe. The events of the world which modernist authors experienced in their time, most notably the First World War in conjunction with emerging ideas from different spheres of study such as psychology and art led to the creation of new forms of narration and stories that broke the rules of traditional writing and challenged the previous eras of literature. Near the beginning of the twentiethShow MoreRelatedThe Modernist Movement And Its Influence On Art1688 Words   |  7 Pages  The Modernist  movement was an intellectual and cultural movement that began at the start of the 20th century and lasted until around 1945.  One of the factors that helped shaped Modernism was the development of modern industrial societies as well as the rapid growth of cities.  Modernists rejected Enlightenment thinking and some even rejected certain religious beliefs.  One characteristic,  possib ly the most important one,  of Modernism was the idea of self-consciousness  (Farah).  The Modernist movementRead MoreThe Modernism Movement Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesModernism started as a movement around late 19th and 20th centuries. It rejected the conventional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organisation and everyday life as they felt it was incompatible with the new economical, social and political conditions that was emerging at that period of time. Many distinctive styles can be defined as modernist, but majority of them had very similar values and theories on different aspects of society. It gave birth to a whole array ofRead More Modernism Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesModernism â€Å"An inclination to subjective distortion to point up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth century bourgeoisie.† -Barth, â€Å"Literature of Replenishment† (www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html) Modernism was rebellion against not only the repressive principles of the Victorian era but also the emergence of the fast-changing, materialistic corporate society. The period precedingRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Lost Generation885 Words   |  4 PagesErnest Hemingway was a famous modernist writer during the 20th century. Hemingway was part of what was known as â€Å"The Lost Generation† this name arose post-World War 1. The modernist movement was a drastic change in numerous things such as art and literature. Ernest contributed much to this movement with his literary works. World War 1 played a major role in not only modernism, but also Hemingway’s writing. Ernest Miller Hemingway was a modernist writer who took his experiences from World War 1 andRead MoreWar and Modernism Poems During the Earky 1900s Essay999 Words   |  4 Pages(â€Å"Wilfred Owen†). Both were part of the modernist movement, of which Yeats is often regarded as one of the f ounders. Modernism was a movement that outstretched literature and poetry, yet provided a new amount of freedom for war poets, as it allowed them to express themselves in the modernist fashion of free forms and room for criticism on the modern world (Matterson). William Butler Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming†, is an example for the modernist poetry typical for the movement, as it criticizes the horrors ofRead MoreEssay Modernism versus Modernismo1057 Words   |  5 Pagesversus Modernismo Both Modernism and Modernismo were movements around the turn of the 20th century which caused cultural upheaval and renovation in times where the society was, or needed to be, changing. Modernism took place throughout Europe and in the United States, while Modernismo was a Latin American movement. The two movements share several general characteristics, but were, without a doubt, two separate and distinct movements, and should not be confused. Therefore, it is useful to clarifyRead MoreThe Life and Writing of William Faulkner Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesThe birth of the modernist movement in American literature was the result of the post-World War I social breakdown. Writers adopted a disjointed fragmented style of writing that rebelled against traditional literature. One such writer is William Faulkner, whose individual style is characterized by his use of â€Å"stream of consciousness† and writing from multiple points of view. World War I had a more profound effect on society than wars prior. With new deadly weapons, like poison gas, high deathRead MoreAnalysis Of Ode On Melancholy By John Keats970 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the idealistic ideas of Romantics to the realistic ideas of Modernists. In the art world there are two movements that demonstrate change, which are Romanticism and Modernism. The artists that demonstrate Romanticism include Washington Irving, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Caspar Friedrich. The artists that demonstrate Modernism include Erich Remarque, E.E. Cummings, Claude Monet, and T.S. Eliot; some represent both movements such as Robert Frost. Romanticism emphasizes verbose descriptionsRead MoreThe Modernist Period Of American Literature1155 Words   |  5 PagesOne World, Many Colors During the Modernist period of American Literature we find a common theme which is ever so prominent in multiple works of literature by numerous authors, the theme being the limitations of race and the expansion of opportunities of race. We begin to see a boom and growth in this type of literature around the 1920’s especially in the African American community through the Harlem Renaissance. Through the Harlem Renaissance we see a growth and expansion of opportunities in theRead MoreModernism In The Great Gatsby1728 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered one of the most important examples of Modernism in American literature. The Modernist themes in this novel come not only in the way of the setting and structure that Fitzgerald uses for his story, but also in the specific characteristics that he gives the main characters. While they all form a part of a larger story, each of the main characters in The Great Gatsby personify the different and conflicting feelings that Modernists fel t about the postwar world. ​The story in The Great Gatsby is told

Phenological Development of Six Different Varieties of Wheat

Question: Discuss about the Phenological Development of Six Different Varieties of Wheat. Answer: Introduction Drought and extreme temperature are main constraints to wheat production. Different wheat varieties do well in different temperature and climate. Wheat is one type of grass family which mainly grown for its seed, it is staple food worldwide, (Venkateswarlu Shanker, 2012). Wheat has many species that together make up genus Triticum. The most common species is Triticum aestivum. Wheat trade is largest in world and it is most produced cereal after maize. It is on high demand globally as it is source of carbohydrates and source of vegetal protein necessary for human consumption, (Dsouza Jellife, 2012). The most common cultivated types of wheat are T. aestivum, T. spelta, T. durum, T. dicoccon, T. turanicum and T. monococcum. Due to change of global environmental features and population increase, water resources and crop production are on increase. It is necessary to come up with wheat genotypes which are tolerant to drought and heat t o counter the rising food demand, (Buck et al., 2007). Though this requires a lot of capital and time, thus the faster and quicker way is to test adaptability of already existing genotype. The world requires more than 50% increase in production of wheat, maize and rice to sustain its projected population by 2045, (Godfray et al., 2010). Wheat usually requires between 110 days and 130 days between sowing time and harvest time which will be affected by climate, soil conditions and seed species. Growth regulators, fungicides, herbicides and fertilizers are applied in specifics wheat development stages. There several systems to identify crop development stages which include Feekes and Zadoks scale the most common. Wheat genetics differs from other domesticated species, some species are diploid like T. monococcum, and others are tetraploid such as emmer and durum and hexaploid. This different genetics version is necessary for yields. Aims The research questions answered in study are How wheat genotype affect wheat yields and morphological system of wheat that is number of leaves, biomass and wheat grain. Which is the best variety of wheat to be plant in order to get higher yield and harvest? Hypothesis The study tries to identify important genotype features that help wheat to give more yields and also to compare old varieties of wheat and new varieties. Which is the best varieties to grow and get high yield. Methodology:Description of the experimental site Curtin university is in Bentley, Western Australia; 3000022S 11505336. The climatic condition of this area is hot Mediterranean climate with wet winter; average temperature is 13.7-260c. Plant material This study made use of six different wheat varieties with different realised time. Old varieties were federation, olympic and gamenya while relatively new varieties were mace, magenta and yitpi. The seeds of all varieties of heat were sown at 25 May 2017 in the Field Trial Area (FTA) of Curtin University. The seeds sown depth was at 30 cm row spacing with 13 g seeds of each variety per row and there were 26 rows in each block. Growing condition The growing area had two blocks with clay soil and in the previous year, faba bean was sown in same block. The pre-season treatment had approx. 6kg/m2 calcium bentonite. The base fertilisers were 100kg/ha Urea; 100kg/ha Sulphate of potash; 90 kg/ha trace mix and 220kg/ha Super phosphate. One side dress 2kg of Nitraphoska special had applied on planted area. Both plots had tebuconazole 1ml/L, plus 2ml/L hasten applied approx. 300 L/ha. Measurements Growth measurements were plant height, number of tillers and Zadock score. These data was collected every week until harvest. Dry matter weight was measured by weighting the stem after putting them in the oven at 60oC for 48 hours in separate bags. Experiment design and Statistical analysis This experiment used completely randomised block design (CRBD) with four replications. Treatments which were varieties of wheat were applied to blocks at random. ANOVA (=0.05) analysed all data using R studio following tests of normality and homogeneity of variance. Tukeys post hoc test was performed, to check if there was any significant difference following any of the ANOVA test to identify the treatments that are significantly different. Results Chart 1 Varieties Blocks Plant ht. at harvest (plt. ht9) cm Tiller no. 50% Flowering time (2017) Federation 5 105.09 8.5 2nd oct 11 118.87 7.7 Olympic 5 106.62 5.0 18th sept 11 101.62 6.93 Gamenya 5 108.38 5.5 28 Aug 11 117.56 5.9 Mace 5 84.25 4.8 4th sept 11 90.06 5.6 Magenta 5 95.37 6.5 4th sept 11 99.06 7.8 Yitpi 5 86.34 5.5 18th sept 11 91.93 6.25 50% flowering From chart above gamenya was first to record 50% flowering on 28th August and second varieties to show 50% flowering were magenta and mace on 4th Sept while the last one was federation on 2nd October. Wheat Height The significance level is 0.05, the p-value of wheat varieties, blocks and interaction between wheat varieties and block are less than significance level we reject null hypothesis and conclude that the mean height of different wheat varieties is not the same. Treatment that is wheat varieties is statistically significance. As shown in Table 1 From Table 2 the mean height of gamenya is highest with mean of 112.69, federation with 112.69, olympic with 104 and magenta, yitpi and maze have mean less than 100. Tiller Number Table 3. ANOVA table of wheat tiller number Response: Tiller Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(F) Varieites 5 190.42 38.083 11.4012 1.435e-09 *** Block 1 24.08 24.083 7.2100 0.007928 ** Varieites:Block 5 32.73 6.546 1.9597 0.086752 . Residuals 180 601.25 3.340 --- Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1 The p-value of mean number of varieties is less than significance level of 0.005. Thus the mean number of number of tiller is significance different. Different wheat varieties have different number of tillers. Federation wheat has high number of tiller as compared all other wheat varieties, followed by magenta and gamenya. The two old varieties wheat that is gamenya and federation are doing good as compared to the other. Fig. no.1 : Regression on tiller number in response to wheat varieties. The regression analysis also found higher tillers in old varieties as compared to new varieties of wheat. Thus in term of number of shoot old varieties show more shoot compared to new varieties Dry weight Kruskal-Wallis rank sum testdata: Dry by VarietiesKruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 1.4615, df = 5, p-value = 0.9175The p- value from Kruskal-Wallis test of dry matter is 0.9175 which is greater than 0.05 and we conclude the mean weight of dry matter of different varieties are insignificance difference. There is not statistical difference between mean of old and new varieties. Yield Analysis of Variance Table Response: yield Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(F) Varieties 5 2.5549 0.51097 4.0066 0.003652 ** Residuals 54 6.8869 0.12753 --- Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1 The p-value is 0.003 at 0.001 significance level and we conclude that the mean yield is statistically insignificance. There was no evidence that the six varieties had different mean yield. Their yield were almost the same Discussion From discussion from above it is evident that different genotype of wheat give different yields. From previous research wheat genotypes and tolerant to drought and heat are correlated, (Buck et al., 2007). The study found that old wheat varieties that is federation, Olympic and gamenya produced more morphological features such tiller and plant height as compared to new varieties of wheat. Ancient wheat are better compared to modern one, they are mainly in organic farming system while new wheat varieties are usually bred for intensive high input systems. It is therefore necessary to perform cultivators on different sites to identify interaction between environment and genotype, (Heun M. Et al., 1997). Strong evidence can be found from study of various research papers that genetic change determines the crop yield potential. Various varieties are released having variable genes that hive high yield potential, resistant to disease, various unfavourable environmental conditions like drough t, (Perry Antuono, 1989). They are many wheat varieties and some being modified to suit certain climatic condition. Some varieties do well in rainy climatic condition and other do well in Mediterranean countries where drought follow the spring and they take a lot time to flower and ripen, (Canavara et al, 1994). Old varieties of wheat did better in flowering, height and number of tiller than new varieties but the yield was the same. The new varieties have being modified to suit the climatic condition. The research assumes that if the research was replicated in different regions and restricted to same condition will find the same results. The study only made use of morphological features such as tiller, height and biomass to make conclusion not yields or the nutrients content further research can conducted on the same. Conclusions The mean height of old varieties is better compared to new varieties. The mean height of gamenya is highest and federation second highest and olympic third highest. Also the two old varieties wheat that is gamenya and federation has high tiller number as compared to the other. Ancient wheats are better compared to modern one. The mean yield and mean weight of wheat plant were same for the six varieties of wheat, new varieties have been change their genotype in order to survive in Mediterranean condition. Key words ANOVA- analysis of variance CRBD- completely randomised design. References Blum A. (2011). Plant water relations, plant stress and plant production. New York, Ny: Springer. Canavara M., Romani M., Corbellini M., et al., (1994). Evolutionary trends in morphological, physiological and agronomical trait in old wheat: Europe Journal of Agronomy vol. 3 pg. 175-185. Buck H., Nisi J., Salomon N. (2007). Wheat production in stressed environments; Springer Science and Business media, vol. 12, pg. 456-460. Dsouza A. Jollife D. (2012). Food security and wheat prices in Afghanistan: in World Bank policy research working paper; Washington DC Godfray H., Beddington J., Crute I., Lawrence D., et al. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, Vol. 327, pg 812-818. Huen M., Schafer R., D Klawan et al., (1997). Site of einkorn wheat domestication identified by DNA fingerprinting; Science, vol 278, pg 1312-1314.

The US Ethnic Groups the Hispanic Americans

Currently, the total number of Hispanic Americans is about 41 million, which is approximately 15 percent of the total US population. There are several ethnic groups which constitute the Hispanic Americans including Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Cubans among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The US Ethnic Groups: the Hispanic Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the Hispanic ethnic groups are linked by a common language and a unique culture. Of all the Hispanic Americans ethnic groups in the US, the Mexican is the largest, followed by Puerto Ricans, and then Cubans. Different ethnic groups of Hispanic Americans came to the US in varied ways. The Mexicans for instance, came to the US as immigrants and were the first Hispanic group to cross the US border. The American Southwest was part of the Mexico territory before the battle of 1848. After the war, the Mexicans who were living in that r egion were absorbed into the US. Puerto Rico became a territory of the US in the year 1898 following a war and the dwellers were absorbed in the US. The Cubans have come to the US as legal immigrants during the past four decades. On the other hand, Dominicans have also migrated to the in the last two decades. The population of the Hispanic Americans has increased rapidly and is now the fastest growing minority groups in the US. In addition to the increasing population, the Hispanic Americans have a high number of its population comprising of the young people. The current statistics reveal that the number of middle-aged Hispanic is approximately 27 percent compared to the 40 percent of the white population. However, despite of the growing numbers of Hispanic Americans, most of them are concentrated in only a few states. In terms of social status, the Hispanic Americans occupy the middle position. They are slightly below Euro-Americans, but above African-Americans. Lower education lev el, discrimination in the work place, and working in least-skilled and low paying jobs are some of the factors that have caused Hispanic Americans to have low income wages.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the Cubans have adapted well and are placed at a better position than any other ethnic group of the Hispanic American. Cubans are more educated and their income is relatively high. The reason for their success is because some of the Cubans who came earlier to US were skilled and well educated. The government should encourage equal distribution of resources. In terms of politics, the Hispanic Americans have not acquired strong influence in the society. With the majority of the population being under 18 years, they cannot vote and, therefore, have less say in the political arena. As such, the political power of the Hispanic Americans has not been realized. The governme nt should set aside certain posts for minority groups so that they can exercise their democratic rights. Because the Hispanic Americans are a minority group in the American society, they continue to face discrimination in the society. However, they do not receive a lot of discrimination as compared to African-Americans. Definitely, the future survival and success of Hispanic Americans will fully depend on the kind of adaptation this group will make so that they can easily be integrated in the American society. It is clear that Hispanic Americans population is growing rapidly in the US. Although this group is, it is slowly adapting into the American system and is now trying to establish itself in the social, economic, and political spheres. However, lack of education, discrimination, and issues of immigration have continued to affect this group negatively. The Americans should embrace culture diversity to comfortably live with others regardless of race or ethnicity. The government sh ould develop strategies of empowering minority groups so that they can easily be assimilated in the system. This will promote social change in America. This essay on The US Ethnic Groups: the Hispanic Americans was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.